Platinized Titanium & Niobium Anode Dimensionally Stable Anode

The significant expertise in the design and manufacture of Platinised Titanium Anodes and Cathodes have allowed the Electrodes to be at the forefront of metal electro plating systems, whilst affording us the ability to refurbish, repair and replace anodes in electro plating systems. Platinised Titanium and Niobium Anodes for Chrome Plating Baths / Printing Rollers for hard chromium plating of rotogravure cylinders or piston rings - our semicircular, anodes are very well adapt to the cylinder shape cathodes.  In principle, there are different types of electrodes are used with one or two bows and baths.

How Electroplating Works (Electrodes - Platinised Cylindrical Anode or Platinised Cylindrical Cathode

Electroplating is the application of electrolytic cells in which a thin layer of metal is deposited onto an electrically conductive surface. A cell consists of two electrodes (conductors), usually made of Titanium with Platinum plating, which are held apart from one another. The electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte (a solution).

When an electric current is turned on, positive ions in the electrolyte move to the negatively charged electrode, called the cathode. Positive ions are atoms with one electron too few. When they reach the cathode, they combine with electrons and lose their positive charge.

At the same time, negatively charged ions move to the positive electrode, called the anode. Negatively charged ions are atoms with one electron too many. When they reach the positive anode, they transfer their electrons to it and lose their negative charge.

Significant factors in Electro Plating Process / Baths

•          The voltage level of current.

•          The temperature and chemical composition of the bath.

•          The current length of time.

•          The distance between the cathode and the anode.

Platinised Titanium Anodes are exclusively used in the Electro Plating Process. Tiaano Electrodes has the technology to platinum titanium substrates in the form of plate, wire, rod, tube, plate and mesh. Furthermore, we have the ability to manufacture complex fabricated anodes. The external surface of all platinised titanium anodes is essentially pure platinum which exhibits all the normal characteristics of the wrought metal as far as corrosion behaviour is concerned. The secret of the quality of a platinised anode lies in the nature of the interface between the platinum and the titanium. It is well known that normal untreated titanium presents a very inert and intractable surface when it comes to applying precious metal coatings. That this problem was overcome to an adequate extent is demonstrated by the wide acceptance of platinised titanium anodes in different industries throughout the world. Although there are still many platinum electroplated anodes produced without an adequate interlayer, they are used for less demanding applications.

What is Electroplating?

Electroplating involves passing an electric current through a solution called an electrolyte. This is done by dipping two terminals called electrodes into the electrolyte and connecting them into a circuit with a battery or other power supply. The electrodes and electrolyte are made from carefully chosen elements or compounds. When the electricity flows through the circuit they make, the electrolyte splits up and some of the metal atoms it contains are deposited in a thin layer on top of one of the electrodes—it becomes electroplated. All kinds of metals can be plated in this way, including gold, silver, tin, zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, platinum, and lead.

Electroplating is very similar to electrolysis (using electricity to split up a chemical solution), which is the reverse of the process by which power supply produce electric currents. All these things are examples of electrochemistry: chemical reactions caused by or producing electricity that give scientifically or industrially useful end-products.

Materials we handle in the field of …

Chlor Alkali / Caustic Soda, Petro Chemical, ClO2 Plants, Fertilizers, Pulp & Paper Industries, Chlorate Industries, Bulk Drugs, Pharmaceuticals, Power & Desalination, Acetic Acid Plants, Refineries, Defense, Aerospace, Fine chemical industries etc…

Platinized Anodes (Pt. Anode) are produced by plating platinum (Pt) on a specially treated precious metal (Titanium / Niobium) by means of electro deposition process. They are economical as well as it retains the superior physical and chemical properties. There are many advantages as below.

General advantages for Titanium Anode with Platinum Plating or Platinised Titanium Anode:-

1.         Titanium gives corrosion resistance in most electrolytes. Titanium itself will act as a conductor of current without passing current into the electrolyte.

2.         With the application of a thin layer of platinum onto the titanium surface the current will pass along the titanium and enter the electrolyte through the platinum surface with the exposed surfaces of the titanium remaining inactive. The platinized area of the anode will operate at current densities of up to 100 amperes per square ft. of surface area.

3.         The electrical resistance of titanium is high and where solid rods or plates are used it is essential to design with adequate cross sections of titanium and with the shortest current paths to the platinum surface, thus avoiding high volt drops.

4.         Where long lengths of platinized titanium are required to improve the electrical resistance, titanium is formed over copper and the platinum skip-plated onto the titanium. This provides the most economic installation with the best relationship between current density and volt drop.

5.         It is recommended that rectifier 3 phase AC is used and the voltage between anode and electrolyte should be less than 10 volts.

Platinized titanium anodes are suitable for used in impressed current system for jetties, pipelines protected by deep well ground beds, power stations and water storage tanks. Also the major application of Chlorate & perchlorate production, Eectro-chlorination, Electroplating, Sewage treatment, Electro synthesis, Electro Chlorination, Water Treatment, Water Ionization, Waste Water treatment, Sewage Treatment, Effluent Treatment etc…

Titanium anodes are mainly used in the two industrial sectors of electrochemistry and electrometallurgy. Electrolytic industries using metal anodes include: chlor-alkali industry, aluminate production, water electrolysis, hospital Effluent Treatment, sewage treatment, domestic water and food utensils disinfection, industrial water treatment, steel plate galvanized chrome plating, electrodialysis desalination, seawater, batteries Production, cathodic protection, etc. Applications include chemical, metallurgical, water treatment, environmental protection, electroplating, electrolytic organic synthesis and other industries.

Advantages of Platinised Titanium Anode - Application wise:-

Electro Plating: Platinised Titanium Anodes protective to different surrounding conditions and are also resistive to corrosion. They can be resistive to moisture and steam and also to the corrosion due to oxidation and reduction. They can also withstand easily under the attack of acids and other chemicals. They can also resist the adverse effect occur at extremely high temperature.

Cathodic Protection: Combining Platinized Titanium / Platinized Niobium for Outstanding Corrosion Prevention, Advantage of platinized titanium anode in ICCP Application Effective Cathode Protection (Medium in Seawater, Freshwater, Coke Breeze, Soil, Sand etc..), environment-friendly, high current density, High anti-corrosion property & lasting working life, Keep the operating voltage stably, Small size & lightweight, Recoatable & Repetitive titanium material.

Chlor-alkali / Caustic Soda: In the chlorine gas industry produced by diaphragm method, the metal anode is resistant to chlorine and alkali corrosion. In the production of chlor-alkali, after using titanium anode, the product quality is high, the purity of chlorine gas is high, CO2 is not contained, the alkali concentration is high, and energy consumption is saved.

Chlorate and perchlorate production: Platinised Titanium Metal anode, the high temperature and high current density operation of the chlorate electrolytic cell becomes possible.

Sewage treatment, Waste Water Treatment Unit (Electrocatalytic Oxidation Technology): Oxygen evolution potential ≥1.70v, strong oxidation, High current efficiency, Insoluble anode, corrosion-resistant, Anodic matrix reusable, Low cost, long life span, cost-effective etc… Degrade stubborn or toxic contaminants. Fully automatic operation, simple process, Suitable for high salt load, No sludge, no pollution transfer, Degrade COD, decolorize, Inactivate and sterilize.

Water Treatment (Disinfection of Water to produce Chlorine): Compact Chlorinator Cell Design, Both reverse polarity and normal polarity, Self-cleaning system.

Water Ionization: The Platinised Titanium electrodes create the ionization, the electrode cell is the heart of an ionizer. It consists of a series of electrodes (plates), each separated by a membrane. The Platinized Titanium Mesh Anode is mostly used, because it has outstanding practical performance, such as strong ability of ionization release, good exchange of electrolyte, close structure and light weight, etc.

Marine Growth Prevention System (MGPS): Platinised Titanium Anode for used to make Marine Growth Prevention System (MGPS). The Marine Growth Prevention System (MGPS) was conceptualized and created with the sole purpose of defeating Marine Growth right at its very root, preventing even the most minute trace of marine organism from depositing itself along the ship’s interior altogether.

Customized Electrode Production with Pure Platinum Plating on Titanium or Niobium

Platinum-titanium insoluble anodes are based on titanium metal as anodes in the form of sheets, plates, rods, filaments, and tubes. The thickness of the standard platinum layer is 2-5µm. Under higher requirements, the thickness of the platinum layer can reach 20µm. The service life of the platinum-plated titanium anode depends on the working medium (electrolyte) and the current strength (current density) of the anode. The current density should not exceed 75A / dm2. Below this value, the wear of the platinum layer is very small, and the service life of the anode can also be estimated. According to experience, the wear of the platinum layer is about 1-4 grams per million amp-hours in a fluorine-free chromium plating solution.

Titanium anode is mainly used in industrial production such as chlor-alkali and sodium hypochlorite, electrolytic synthesis of organic compounds, sewage treatment, seawater desalination, electrolysis of dilute brine, anode for sodium hypochlorite, anode for sodium chloride electrolysis, disinfection of tap water, series of electrode products for sewage treatment, seawater desalination Electrodes, elimination of plankton in industrial circulating water, etc. The main categories are: platinum titanium electrode, titanium electrode, super titanium electrode, noble metal plating electrode group.

The platinized anode is characterized by its three outstanding effects as an electrode material:

1. It is stable, corrosion resistant and can be used in various media.

2. For the oxygen evolution reaction, the over potential is very high

3. For the hydrogen evolution reaction, the over potential is very low.

Ptanode describes the refractory metals, such as titanium and niobium, coated with purest platinum. The electro catalytic functional layers of platinum or various precious metal oxides are used throughout virtually the entire electrochemical industry.

Platinum is a precious metal having good physical and chemical properties such as

Platinum anode is having high corrosion resistance

Platinum anodes are having very good thermal conductivity

Platinum anode is having excellent catalytic nature

The platinum plated niobium is plated or coated with platinum, which is especially suitable for high-speed and high current density electroplating baths. The niobium has excellent chemical resistance and electrical conductivity. The current that can be carried by a single area is titanium 4 to 5 times, so it is the best choice for high plating of precious metals. The service life is 4-5 times that of platinum titanium, and the bearing current is 4-5 times that of titanium, so the comprehensive performance can save 2.5 times the cost compared with platinum titanium.

Industries used: wheel plating, piston plating, precious metal plating, Automobile parts plating, Copper plating, Hard chrome plating, Rotogravure cylinder plating, Metal recovery, Refining,  Chromium plating, Wire plating, Gold plating, Nickel plating, perchlorate, Bromate, Sodium chlorate,  potassium chlorate etc…

Advantages of Platinised Niobium Anode:-

1.         Fabricate anodes with various shapes

2.         Easy to operate, no maintenance required

3.         Extremely high corrosion resistance

4.         Suitable for fluorine-containing electrolyte

5.         Operate higher current density

6.         Longer service life.

7.         Replating also possible

The anodes based on niobium metals are mesh, sheet, plate, rod, wire and tube. The thickness of standard platinum layer is 2-5micron for Electro Plating (2 to 10 micron for Heavy hard Chrome Plating). Breakdown voltage; especially in the use of electrolytes containing a small amount of fluorine, its long life and current density can reach 100A / dm2.

Technical Parameters for Platinum plated Niobium Anode:-

Base Material / Substrate: Niobium as per ASTM Standard (B 392 Gr.R04210, B 394 Gr.R04210 etc…)

Base Material / Substrate Shape: Expanded mesh, Sheet, Flat, plate (Peroration, slotted), Seamless tube, rod and wire

Platinum Thickness / Catalyst: 2 to 20 micron

Plating Method: Electro Deposition Process

pH Level: 1.0 – 10

Maximum Allowable Current Density: upto 100A / dm2

Maximum allowable Operating: 40 Volt