Platinized Titanium & Niobium Anode Dimensionally Stable Anode

Platinum Plated titanium insoluble anodes are based on titanium metal as anodes in the form of mesh, plates, rods, and tubes. The thickness of the standard platinum layer is 2-5µm. Under higher requirements, the thickness of the platinum layer can reach 20µm. The service life of the platinum plated titanium anode depends on the working medium (electrolyte) and the current strength (current density) of the anode. The current density should not exceed 75A / dm2. According to experience, the wear of the platinum layer is about 1-4 grams per million amp-hours in a fluorine-free chromium plating solution. When the current density is higher than 75A / dm2 or using a fluorine-containing electrolyte.

Features of Platinum Plating:-

Application of the platinum layer on the titanium base substrate is best carried out electrochemically in molten salt via high-temperature electrolysis. The anodes that were platinum-plated using the HTE process are clearly superior to those coated in aqueous electrolytes. The purity of the molten salt platinum coating is at least 99.9 percent and therefore significantly higher than the purity of platinum layers deposited from aqueous solutions. Ductility, adhesion and corrosion resistance are significantly improved and inner tensions are minimal.

Parameters of Platinum Plated Titanium Mesh Anode:

Anode material: Titanium Grade 1 or 2

Plating or coating: Pure Platinum

Platinum Thickness: 0.5 Micron to 20 Micron

Anodes Shapes: Mesh, plate, sheet, tube, rod or customize;

 Operating life: Min.3 years or customize.

Details of Platinum Plated Titanium Cylindrical Mesh Anode:-

Tiaano: Manufacturer and Supplier of Platinum Plated Titanium Cylindrical mesh Anode.

Anode: Platinum Plated Mesh Anode, Platinum Plated Cylindrical Mesh Anode, Platinized Expanded Mesh Anode

Application: Electrolysis, Sensor,

Year of Established: 1992.

Installation at: Lucknow, India.

Inspection by: Tiaano.

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Platinized Titanium & Niobium Anode (Dimensionally Stable Anode)

The Niobium is the anode electrode made of Niobium which is having the coating or Plating of platinum. Platinum is used on the surface as a primary anode material due to its excellent corrosion resistance under anodic conditions coupled with its ability to pass current in all electrolytes. The corrosion resistance of platinum manifests itself in its low consumption rate. Its major disadvantage is its high cost, thus making it clear that it is most desirable to use as little platinum as is necessary. In order to restrict the amount of platinum used and to maintain an anode of some structural integrity, it is necessary to use some type of substrate material.

Both titanium and niobium have the ability to withstand anodic conditions, and both possess unique advantages and disadvantages as a substrate for platinum.

The major advantage of titanium is its low cost, particularly when considering its lower density. A disadvantage of titanium is its poor conductivity; approximately 5 times less than niobium and 50 times less than copper. Low conductivity makes titanium poorly suited for long wire lengths and restricts its use to larger diameter, shorter anodes.

The use of niobium as a substrate to platinum eliminates many of the problems with titanium. Although its conductivity is higher than that of titanium, it is often still too low for use in small diameters and long lengths. The principal advantage of niobium is its relatively high voltage potential.

Material Considerations in Platinum Anode Design:-

Niobium (Nb): High cost, high breakdown potential, fair conductivity.

Titanium (Ti): Low cost, low breakdown potential, poor conductivity.

Platinum (Pt): High corrosion resistance, high cost, good conductivity.

Type of Anodes:-

Platinum Plated Niobium Tube Anode

Platinized Niobium Rod Anode

Platinised Niobium Wire Anode

Platinum activated Niobium Mesh Anode

Platinum Coated Niobium Sheet or Plate Anode

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Platinum is widely used as electrodes in metal finishing industries due its advantage of having special chemical & physical properties like high corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity and catalytic nature.  Being a very expensive metal, instead of using solid form, platinum is deposited on the surface of titanium or niobium, occasionally on molybdenum by micron level layer.  Electrodes [Anodes or Cathodes] are available with hanging hook, frame or band in the form of sheet, mesh, pipe, wire, rod and custom built.  Platinised titanium anode is used in electrolytes having no fluoride. Platinised niobium anodes are used in electrolytes having fluoride, where we need better conduction (its conductivity is three times of titanium)  and also it is suitable for Sulphuric acid chromium plating bath operated at current density greater than 75A / dm².  Platinised titanium / niobium anodes are having the advantages of Low weight - good current resistance; Long life operation - maintenance free;      Economical - due to low platinum requirements; High dimensional stability and low resistance; Highly suitable as auxiliary anodes of complex geometrical shapes.

Platinum Features:-

Platinum is a lustrous silvery-white, malleable, ductile metal and a member of group 10 of the periodic table of the elements. It has the third highest density, behind osmium and iridium. Platinum is unaffected by air and water, but will dissolve in hot aqua regia, in hot concentrated phosphoric and sulphuric acids, and in molten alkali. It is as resistant as gold to corrosion and tarnishing. Indeed, platinum will not oxidize in air no matter how strongly it is heated.

Gains of Platinized Anode:-

Energy saving potential

Low weight (in particular expanded metal anodes)

Long service time even at high current density

Dimensional stability, long durability of base material

Replating possible

Higher quality of end product

Application-specific design

Tiaano offer Platinum plated Copper Anode, Platinum Plated Titanium anodes & Niobium Anodes (Platinum Plated Electrodes) for various research and developments. Many article provides a history of platinised anodes by reviewing innovations in the, electroplating, electro galvanizing, electro winning, chlor-alkali industry etc.... These anodes are attractive for numerous reasons (e.g., long life and educed energy consumption), but they must still overcome the hurdle of cost to gain wider acceptance for applications in the various process industries.

Chemical Behavior of Platinum and Titanium:-

Platinum is preferred on an anode's outer surface because it is highly resistant to corrosion and can ensure current flow in most electrolyte media without leading to the formation of an insulating layer on itself. Because it doesn’t corrode, it doesn’t produce corrosion products and hence the consumption rate is very low.

Titanium shows reasonably good resistance to a marine environment (seawater in particular). It does not react with concentrated (80%) solutions of metallic chlorides. However, it is susceptible to attack by hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hot hydrochloric acid (HCl) of higher concentrations. Even hydrogen peroxide and hot nitric acid can attack titanium. Oxidizing agents normally do not attack titanium because it readily forms a protective oxide coating. However, non-oxidizing substances such as sulfuric acid (above 5% concentration) and phosphoric acid (above 30%) can attack titanium. From a hydrogen embrittlement point of view, titanium fares better than tantalum as an anode material.

Chemical Behavior of Copper:-

Copper is a reddish metal with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure. It reflects red and orange light and absorbs other frequencies in the visible spectrum, due to its band structure, so it as a nice reddish color. It is malleable, ductile, and an extremely good conductor of both heat and electricity. Copper has low chemical reactivity. So people are using platinum plating on copper, this coating / plating protects the metal from further attack.

Tiaano offer Platinum plated Anode and cathodes (Electrodes) for various research and developments. Many article provides a history of platinized anodes by reviewing innovations in the chlor-alkali industry, electroplating, electro galvanizing, electro winning etc.... These anodes are attractive for numerous reasons (e.g., long life and educed energy consumption), but they must still overcome the hurdle of cost to gain wider acceptance for applications in the various process industries.

Chemical Behavior of Platinum Plated and Titanium:-

Platinum is preferred on an anode's outer surface because it is highly resistant to corrosion and can ensure current flow in most electrolyte media without leading to the formation of an insulating layer on itself. Because it doesn’t corrode, it doesn’t produce corrosion products and hence the consumption rate is very low.

Platinum is inert in fused salts and acids, whereas it is dissolved in aqua regia. There is no risk of hydrogen embrittlement. It is one of the few rare metals that perfectly resist chlorides of seawater.

Titanium shows reasonably good resistance to a marine environment (seawater in particular). It does not react with concentrated (80%) solutions of metallic chlorides. However, it is susceptible to attack by hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hot hydrochloric acid (HCl) of higher concentrations. Even hydrogen peroxide and hot nitric acid can attack titanium. Oxidizing agents normally do not attack titanium because it readily forms a protective oxide coating. However, non-oxidizing substances such as sulfuric acid (above 5% concentration) and phosphoric acid (above 30%) can attack titanium. From a hydrogen embrittlement point of view, titanium fares better than tantalum as an anode material.

Benefits of Platinised Titanium Electrode:-

Platinum has the advantages of electrochemical inertness, mechanical strength, workability and favorable electrical conductivity. However, it is prohibitively expensive. Development of platinum on titanium and platinum on tantalum (plated) materials has opened up the feasibility of using these for anode materials for Electro Plating, metal finishing and cathodic protection systems in critical applications.

Tiaano manufacturing different sizes and Shapes of platinised Titanium Electrodes (Positive Electrode and Negative Electrode) for water ionizers. The essential components of the ionization chamber are its two collecting electrodes, (the anodes and cathodes) the anode is positively charged with respect to the cathode.

The ionizer uses grade 1 titanium electrodes to be plated (Anodes and cathodes are plated) with a good electrical conductor with longevity built to last 10 years that will also not dissolve during electrolysis. Stainless steel was used for Water Ionizer electrodes in the late 1980's and was found not be a suitable material because they did not last more than a few years. The industry began using titanium platinum-coated Anode in the early 1990's because of its design life.

Water Ionizer (Ionization) Electrodes Types:-

Platinised Titanium Mesh Anode and Platinised Titanium Mesh Cathode

Platinized Titanium Sheet / Flat Anode and Platinized Titanium Sheet / Flat Cathode

Platinum Coated Titanium Perforated Sheet Anode and Platinum Coated Titanium Perforated Sheet Cathode

Platinum activated Titanium Slotted Sheet Anode and Platinum activated Titanium Slotted Sheet Cathode

Platinum deposited Titanium Rod Anode and Platinum deposited Titanium Rod Cathode

Platinum Titanium Seamless Tube Anode and Platinum Titanium Seamless Cathode

Specification for Water Ioniser (Water Ionisation) Electrodes:-

Electrode: Platinised Titanium Anode and Platinised Titanium Cathode

Substrate Grade (Titanium): 1 or 2 (as per ASTM Standard)

Substrate Shape (Titanium): Expanded mesh, Sheet or Flat, Rod, Tube etc…

Substrate Purity (Titanium): 99%

Catalyst Purity (Platinum): 99.99%

Platinum Thickness: 0.5 Micron or 1.0 Micron or 2 Micron (Based on Water Condition)

Assembly: 2 Plates, 3 plates, 5 plates and 7 plates & 9 plates

Dimension: Standard Size or custom made

Platinum coated (Platinized) Titanium Anodes are highly conductive anodes used in electroplating, fuel cells, and other electrolysis applications. Platinum plated Titanium Anodes are generally immediately available in most volumes and can be fabricated in forms such as sheet, mesh, perforated plate, rod, or wire with hanging hook for electricity distribution. We (Tiaano) can also produce materials to custom specifications by request, in addition to custom compositions for commercial and research applications and new proprietary technologies.

Tiaano platinum anodes and platinized anodes are widely used in Electrolysis:-

Platinum anodes are having very good physical and chemical properties.

platinum anode is having high corrosion resistance

platinum anodes are having very good thermal conductivity

platinum anode is having excellent catalytic nature

Types of Platinum Anodes Tiaano offer for Electrolysis Application:-

Solid platinum Plated Sheet anode for Electrolysis

Platinized titanium plate anode for Electrolysis

Platinised titanium expanded mesh anode for Electrolysis

Titanium anode with platinum catalyst for Electrolysis

Platinized titanium perforated plate anode for Electrolysis

Platinized titanium slotted plate anode for Electrolysis

Platinized titanium Tube anode for Electrolysis

Platinized titanium Wire anode for Electrolysis

Platinized titanium perforated plate anode for Electrolysis

Configuration of Anode and Cathode in Electro plating bath:-

The negative (-) cable is connected to the item to be plated, the cathode.  The Positive (+) lead is connected to the solution electrode, the anode. In this configuration the piece being plated should be rotated occasionally since the deposition rate may be greater on the areas that are facing the anode and less on the side opposite the anode.

Platinum is the most effective metal for any electro chemical or electrolysis process due to its current conducting property. Platinum being the most expensive material rational utilization of Platinum for the greater benefit ensures economical solution. Platinum plated Anodes is none but a rational utilization of platinum by plating limited quantity on to titanium to achieve the same result as using platinum metal.

Platinized Titanium anodes can be operated at very high current densities. 75Amps per dm² are typical. Platinum is preferred on an anode's outer surface because it is highly resistant to corrosion and can ensure current flow in most electrolyte media without leading to the formation of an insulating layer on itself. Because it doesn’t corrode, it doesn’t produce corrosion products and hence the consumption rate is very low.

Advantages of Platinized Titanium Anodes:-

Platinum plated anode has the advantages of electrochemical inertness, mechanical strength, workability and favorable electrical conductivity. However, it is prohibitively expensive. Development of platinum on titanium, platinum on Niobium and platinum on tantalum (plated) materials has opened up the feasibility of using these for anode materials for Electro Plating, metal finishing and Cathodic Protection (ICCP) systems in critical applications.

Tiaano Design, manufacturing and supplying different sizes and different shapes of platinised anode for water ionizers or Alkaline Water Production (Water Ionization).

Water ioniser Platinum plated Titanium electrodes are one of the most important components, it falls into many basic forms like sheet, rod, tube and mesh or some specialized design according to the chamber design. Water Ionization chamber contains positively and negatively charged platinum-covered titanium electrodes. These electrodes ionize the soluble minerals in the water: positively charged ions gather at the negative electrode to create alkaline water, also referred to as "reduced water" while negatively charged ions gather at the positive electrode to make acid water, also known as oxidized water.

The best water to drink is alkalized or ionized water, which is produced by running normal tap water over a positive (platinum or platinized anode) and a negative (platinum or platinised cathode) electrode. This creates positive and negative ions in the water that are then separated creating two different waters, one that is alkaline and one that is acidic.

Alkaline water is for flushing out internal toxins, scavenging free radicals, and oxygenating the body. Acid water, which is really a by-product of ionizing water, can be used externally for cleansing the skin, cleaning any surface and feeding your plants.

Advantages of Alkaline Water or Alkaline Water health Benefits:

Helps in weight loss

Better Hydrations

Helps recover easily from acidosis

More oxygenation

Balance of Body pH

[Natural pH is 7 (less pH of 7 is Acidic body, High pH of 7 is Alkaline body)]

Tiaano supply comprehensive range of platinized titanium or Platinized niobium anodes in the form of cylindrical anodes, Mesh anode , Circle anode, plate / foil anodes, rod/bar anodes fin anodes, bend anodes, wire anodes, Box anode, Rod anode, Wire anode, Ring anode, Ribbon anodes, Tubular anodes, Strip anodes and custom made for various industrial application including Electroplating , Electro dialysis, Electroforming, Electrochemical Sensing, Electro winning and Metal recovery (Refining of metals) - Electrolytic Regeneration of chromic acid - Electroplating for precious and base metals - Electrolytic recovery for precious and base metals.

Platinized titanium anodes have successfully replaced lead anodes in hard chromium plating due to their advantages of lower maintenance, improved quality of deposition, higher productivity and consistency.

This platinized Titanium Tube anodes designed for electroplating (hard Chrome plating). The platinum thickness will be 4 micron or 5 Micron. Platinum applied only on exposed surface of Electrolyte. It is for cost effective. Replating also very possible such kind of anodes. 

Key benefits of Platinum Plated Titanium Anodes:

High current efficiency / Good current distribution / High electrical conductivity

Insoluble anode / High corrosion resistance

Anodic matrix reusable.

Low cost, long life span, cost-effective.

Economical due to low platinum requirements.

A low consumption rate that conserves precious platinum.

High dimensional stability and load resistance.

Low weight.

High chemical stability

Capability to produce an excellent finish