Platinized Titanium & Niobium Anode Dimensionally Stable Anode

Electrodeionization (EDI), also known as continuous deionization (CDI), is a hybrid separation process combining ion-exchange resins with ion-exchange membranes. The EDI gained increasing attention for removal/recovery of ions from water. There are different types of applications for the EDI on the removal and concentration of various species from Effluent streams. The aim of this paper is to give a brief overview of those studies.

Applications have shown that EDI process:-

A.   Very efficient in environmental protection

B.    Production of ultra pure water

C.   The recovery of some valuable species

D.   Normally, weakly-ionized species, such as carbon dioxide and boron are difficult to remove via such membrane processes as Reverse Osmosis and Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR).

Benefits of Electrodeionization:-

The continuous removal of these species to a very high degree.

The main technological parameters determining the efficiency of an EDI module are the current strength

The flow velocity in the dilute and concentrate compartments, temperature, and TDS (in both initial and purified water).

Electroplating is basically the process of plating a metal onto the other by hydrolysis mostly to prevent corrosion of metal or for decorative purposes. The process uses an electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations to develop a lean coherent metal coating on the electrode. Electroplating is often applied in the electrical oxidation of anions on a solid substrate like the formation of silver chloride on silver wire to form silver chloride electrodes.

The Anode and Cathode:-

In electroplating practice, the current is usually introduced from an external source and the anode is the positive electrode and cathode is a negative electrode. The cathode is the electrode where the electrochemical reduction reaction occurs. The anode is that where the electrochemical oxidation reaction occurs.

The electroplating process uses an anode and a cathode. In electroplating, the metal dissolved from the anode can be plated onto the cathode. The anode is provided with direct current, oxidizing and dissolving its metal atoms in the electrolyte solution. At the cathode, the dissolved metal ions are decreased and the metal is placed on the product.

There are major factors that influence the plating. These include:

The voltage level of current.

The temperature and chemical composition of the bath.

The current length of time.

The distance between the cathode and the anode.

Uses of Electroplating

Improving wear resistance.

Improving the thickness of the metal surface.

Enhancing the electrical conductivity like plating a copper layer on an electrical component.

Minimizing Friction.

Improving surface uniformity.

Titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr), Niobium (Nb) and Tantalum (Ta) are the valve metals that form stable thin oxide layer on the surface which protects the underlying metals from further corrosion in most of the harsh environments.Their superior corrosion resistance along with the hardness make these metals suitable for various industrial applications. Acidic fluoride media are encountered in nuclear reprocessing and in mud acid treatment of oil-well bores, and valve metals and their alloys are recommended as material of construction in these applications.

Although valve metals exhibit an excellent corrosion resistance in most media, they are attacked by acidic fluoride media or concentrated acids. The extent of corrosion of these valve metals depends on the solution composition, and in the case of their alloys, the material composition as well. For example, in boiling nitric acid, Zircaloy is reported to exhibit higher corrosion resistance than commercially pure (CP) Ti, Ti-Ta and Ti-Ta-Nb.

Project Details of Platinum Plated Valve Mesh Anode:-

·         Tiaano: Manufacturer and Supplier of Platinum Plated Titanium Expanded Valve mesh Anode.

·         Anode: Platinum Plated Valve Mesh Anode

·         Application: FPP Machine

·         Installation at:  India

 ·         Inspection by: Tiaano.

Electrodialysis is a separation process using ion-exchange membranes and an electrical potential as a driving force. Ion-exchange membranes contain charged functional groups and may be synthesized as homogenous or heterogeneous membranes. In these structures, the charged groups are either chemically bonded to or physically mixed with a polymer matrix. The backbone provides the necessary strength and dimensional stability of the membrane. Furthermore, monopolar ion-exchange membranes can be classified in two types, that is, anion-exchange membranes and cation-exchange membranes.

Features of Electrodialysis Application :-

a.   Recovery rate of water is usually over 90% and can minimize the wasting of water resources.

b.   Salinity of the product water can be set at any level and operation is quite easy even when the salinity of the raw water is increased beyond the designed level.

c.    Installation and running costs are quite economical when the salinity of the raw water is from several thousand ppm TDS.

d.   Actual experience fixes the temperature limit up to 60°C.

e.    Membrane is durable under strong acid conditions and also has a wide pH range under alkaline conditions.

f.     Since ion-exchange membranes do not substantially permeate silica (SiO2) there is no limit on the amount of dissolved silica in the water to be processed.

Please send us your enquiry through Mob: +91 7338798832 and Email ID: tiaanostore@tiaano.com. Dealer's & franchise enquires solicited.

The Tubes of the warming components of an infrared broiler have a restricted piece of their perimeter covered with a blend containing platinum. The platinum covering gives an intelligent surface to guide infrared radiation towards the item to be warmed inside the broiler. The warming component tubes covered with platinum give considerably a similar execution and are fundamentally more affordable to fabricate than customary warming component tubes with a gold intelligent covering.

Major Advantages:-

Titanium is its low cost, particularly when considering its lower density. The titanium is its poor conductivity; approximately 5 times less than niobium and 50 times less than copper. Low conductivity makes titanium poorly suited for long wire lengths and restricts its use to larger diameter, shorter anodes.

Material Considerations in Platinum Anode Design:-

Niobium (Nb): High cost, high breakdown potential, fair conductivity.

Titanium (Ti): Low cost, low breakdown potential, poor conductivity.

Platinum (Pt): High corrosion resistance, high cost, good conductivity.

Type of Anodes:-

1.    Platinum Plated Niobium Tube Anode

2.    Platinized Niobium Rod Anode

3.    Platinised Niobium Wire Anode

4.    Platinum activated Niobium Mesh Anode

 5.    Platinum Coated Niobium Sheet or Plate Anode

Platinum tubing with different aspects including round, rectangular, square, and oval in various standard measurements from 0.02 to 6.0 inches and wall thicknesses from 0.003 to 0.500 inches. Tubing can be additionally handled to create rings, washers, sleeves and sheaths. Custom arrangements are additionally accessible. Materials incorporate most metals including the uncommon earth metals and other high level materials. Cylinders can likewise be created from custom combinations for business and exploration applications and for new exclusive innovations. Other accessible shapes incorporate bar or plate structure, as well as exclusively machined shapes and through different cycles, for example, nanoparticles and as arrangements and organometallics.

What is platinum plating used for?

Platinum electroplating is used to coatelectrodesthat are used in the water purification, refining of oil, and in the manufacturingof fertilizers, acids, and explosives. The automotive industry uses platinum-plated catalytic converters to treat automobile exhaust emission.

Platinum Plated Valve Specifications:-

Material -   Titanium Tube

Usage / Application – Electro Plating

Brand – Tiaano

Color – Silver White

Form – Titanium Tube

Purity – 99.99%

Shape – Custom made all Shapes

Country of Origin – Made in India

Platinum Thickness – 4 to 6 Micron

Platinum plated titanium anodes have been effectively utilized in hard-chrome plating. However long reasonable electrolytes are utilized, a totally without lead process is generally conceivable without over the top expenses by just supplanting lead anodes with Pt/Ti anodes. Plating anodes utilizing high-temperature electrolysis offers two extra environmental advantages: Considerably longer life expectancy in light of better sturdiness.

Nickel plating is the process of electrolytically depositing a layer of nickel onto a substrate. These nickel deposits are used for:

Wear resistance

Corrosion resistance

Hardness

Lubricity

Magnetic purposes

What wires are made of platinum?

Some of the most common electrical components that make use of platinum wiring include:

·         Contact points

·         Fiber optics.

·         LCD displays.

·         Resistance wires

Is platinum better than gold?

Platinum is almost always more valuable than gold. It's a rarer metal, and platinum rings have higher densities and purities than gold rings. You also need more platinum to make a ring, so they often cost 40-50% more than gold.

Electrodes Usage:-

Electrodes for medical purposes: - Electrodes for electrophysiology techniques in biomedical research. Platinum being the most expensive material rational utilization of Platinum for the greater advantages ensures economical solution. Platinized Anodes is none but a rational utilization of platinum by plating limited quantity on to titanium to achieve the same result as using platinum metal.

Advantages of Platinised Wire:-

1.    High tossing power

2.    Great electrolyte trade

3.    Conservative development

4.    Low weight, Low support

5.    Energy saving potential,

6.    High electrical conductivity

The leading anti-corrosion character, outstanding physical & mechanical properties, uniform current distribution characters of titanium, niobium - its Platinised anodes and Mixed Metal Oxide coated anodes are strongly recommended for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) application.

Application Of MMO / Platinised Disc :

Curved and Strip Anodes are grown explicitly for insurance of Dam and Navigation lock entryways.

Curved and strip anodes are intended to work in new, salty and seawater conditions - utilized in other appropriate applications.

Incorporates marine designs, water tanks and vessels. With a discretionary essential seal spacer gasket.

FABRICATION OF ELECTRODES USING PLATINUM:

Platinum is one of the most commonly used materials for implantable electrodes and there are a number of processing techniques that can be applied for dense, microfabricated arrays. In the following sections some of these techniques have been described.

ELECTRODEPOSTITION OF THICK PLATINUM STRUCTURES TO FORM IMPLANTABLE ELECTRODES:

The deposition of the platinum electrode is important in the overall performance of the electrode array. The material has to be deposited to the required thickness and provide a good bond to the substrate.

There are two techniques commonly used to deposit thick film platinum:

1.    Electrodeposition (or electroplating) and sputtering. The former is suitable for producing thick films, whereas the latter is only suitable for thin films.

 2.    In the case of implantable electrode arrays, there is a need to minimise the impedance of the electrodes, so thick films are preferred.

Platinized titanium anode combines the excellent electrochemical performance of Platinum and higher anticorrosion property, comparing with the other soluble electrode and Lead anode.

Platinum coated (Platinized) Titanium Anodes are highly conductive anodes used in Ionization applications. Platinum coated Titanium Anodes are generally immediately available in most volumes and can be fabricated in forms such as sheet, mesh, perforated plate, rod, or wire. Standard platinum layer thickness of 2-5 mm, at a higher request, the platinum layer thickness up to 20 mm. The service life of the platinum plated titanium anode depends on the working medium (electrolyte) and the current intensity of the anode (current density).

What is the Ionization Process?

To understand the Ionization process, we will consider the structure of sodium chloride (NaCl). Sodium chloride is the common salt, we use in our day to day life.

Features of Platinum Anode using in Ionization process:

1) Stable working ability under high current density/voltage 

2) High electrolysis efficiency

3) Stable electrolysis ability

4) High anti-corrosion property

5) The matrix can be recycled and recoated with MMO for reuse

 6) Long working life etc